近日，国家老年大学开学第一课特邀钟南山院士进行讲解。
钟南山院士提到，“老人家常常在家里头勤俭节约，很多剩饭剩菜不太干净或者不新鲜的话，不要坚持把它吃完，里头含有很多（亚）硝酸盐，（由于）所谓的节约，（导致）得了胃癌。”
The elderly often maintain thrifty habits at home, but if leftovers become spoiled or contaminated, resist the urge to finish them. Spoiled and contaminated food can contain high levels of nitrites, and what’s meant as frugality could end up increasing the risk of stomach cancer.
frugality /fruːˈɡæləti/ 俭省，节俭
图源：央视新闻
对此，网友也纷纷表示赞同：
但也有不少网友表示苦恼：
饭菜凉了放冰箱好
还是趁热放冰箱好？
▌饭菜趁热放进冰箱
食物在室温下放得越久，细菌繁殖越多。趁热把食物放进冰箱，目的就是在细菌大量繁殖之前，尽快把温度降到4℃以下，减少细菌快速繁殖的时间。所以，吃不完的饭菜要提前拨出来，放在保鲜盒里，尽快存放在冰箱。
The longer food sits at room temperature, the more bacteria multiply. Placing leftovers in the fridge while still hot helps rapidly cool them below 4 C, minimizing bacterial growth. Therefore, make sure to portion uneaten food into shallow, airtight containers and refrigerate promptly.
冰箱内东西不宜太满，菜不宜太大份，尽量用轻薄、导热快的保鲜盒，可以加快降温速度。
Avoid overcrowding the fridge and divide large portions into smaller containers—thin, quick-cooling containers speed up temperature reduction.
▌注意储存温度
冷藏室温度应设在0℃～6℃之间，有利于减缓某些微生物的繁殖速度，降低食物中有害细菌过度生长或产生毒素的可能性。
Set your refrigerator to maintain a temperature between 0 C and 6 C. This slows microbial growth and reduces the risk of harmful bacteria or toxins from developing in stored food.
▌分开储存
分开存放可以避免细菌交叉污染，用干净的容器密闭储存，或者把碗盘包裹上一层保鲜膜。
Keep foods isolated to prevent cross-contamination. Use clean, airtight containers or cover dishes tightly with plastic wrap.
从冰箱里拿出剩饭剩菜，食用前要先看、闻，判断无异常后彻底加热再食用。剩菜吃之前一定要高温回锅，把菜整体加热到100℃，保持沸腾3分钟以上。微波炉加热需要翻一翻，多热几分钟。吃多少热多少，避免反复加热。
When reheating leftovers, always check for odd smells or discoloration first. Reheat thoroughly until the food reaches 100 C and boils for at least 3 minutes. When using a microwave, stir and heat for extra time to ensure even warmth. Only reheat what you plan to eat to avoid repeated heatings.
别总是“热热再吃”
这些食物不能二次加热
▌菌类食物
菌类里的蘑菇放在冰箱中低温保存，第二天加热后，亚硝酸盐含量会增加。
经常吃二次加热的蘑菇可能出现腹痛、腹泻等症状，长期这样会增加罹患消化系统肿瘤的概率。不建议蘑菇二次加热后继续吃，尽量一次吃完。
Mushrooms stored in the fridge can develop higher levels of nitrites when reheated the next day. Regularly eating reheated mushrooms may cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Long-term consumption could increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. It's best to avoid reheating mushrooms and consume them fresh.
图源：视觉中国
▌菠菜
菠菜中草酸含量高，需要焯水之后食用。另外，菠菜中含有大量的硝酸盐，二次加热会转化为亚硝酸盐，对人体有害。
Spinach contains high levels of oxalic acid, which should be reduced by blanching before eating. Additionally, reheating spinach can convert its nitrates into harmful nitrites. Avoid reheating spinach leftovers.
▌银耳汤
银耳含有较多的硝酸盐类，煮熟的银耳汤如果放置时间过久，硝酸盐会分解还原成亚硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐会使血液里的血红蛋白丧失携带氧气的能力，从而破坏人体正常造血功能，影响健康。银耳汤最好现做现喝，不要隔夜。
Silver ear fungus contains nitrates that break down into harmful nitrites if the cooked soup is stored for too long. Harmful nitrites can impair hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen, disrupting normal blood function. For safety, prepare and consume silver ear soup immediately—avoid storing it overnight. hemoglobin /ˌhiːməˈɡloʊbɪn/ 血红蛋白
▌牛奶
反复加热会使牛奶中的蛋白质变性，导致营养缺失。同时，细菌会快速繁殖，使牛奶变质，容易造成腹泻。
Repeatedly reheating milk damages its proteins and reduces its nutritional value. Bacteria also multiply quickly in reheated milk, increasing the risk of spoilage and diarrhea.
▌溏心鸡蛋
溏心鸡蛋是指没有煮熟的鸡蛋，这样的鸡蛋无法彻底杀灭沙门氏菌，如果再放置一晚，会增加细菌繁殖和产生毒素的机会。即使第二次煮熟了，也存在致病风险。
Soft-boiled eggs are undercooked eggs, which means that salmonella is not completely kill off through boiling. If left overnight, the chance of bacterial reproduction and toxin production both increase. Even if soft-boiled eggs are cooked a second time, there is still a risk of disease.
牢记这几点 避免剩饭剩菜
日常生活中，有哪些办法可以避免剩菜剩饭呢？
❶尽量减少蔬菜，尤其是绿叶蔬菜的保存时间，现吃现买。
Here's some natural and easy-to-understand tips for storing food:
Minimize storage time for vegetables, especially leafy greens. Try to buy them fresh as needed and eat them as soon as possible.
❷吃不完的菜提前洗净用保鲜膜包好，可以减少携带的细菌。
Pre-wash and wrap leftovers. If you can't finish veggies, wash and wrap them in plastic wrap beforehand to reduce bacterial contamination.
图源：视觉中国
❸肉类、海产品等在放入冷冻层前，最好切成小块分装，吃多少取多少，避免因反复冻融加速腐败变质或造成营养素破坏和丢失。
Freeze meat and seafood properly. Cut them into small portions before freezing. Take out only what you need to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, which speeds up spoilage and destroys nutrients.
❹对于做好的饭菜，如果意识到吃不完，可以先分装冷藏，减少细菌污染。
Store cooked meals wisely. If you know you won't finish a dish, divide it into portions and refrigerate them right away to limit bacterial growth.
此外，还需要提醒大家，免疫力低下人群，如幼儿、老人、孕产妇，以及患慢性病、癌症或正在使用免疫抑制药物的人群，应尽量避免食用剩饭剩菜。若食用剩饭剩菜后，出现恶心、呕吐及腹泻等症状，应尽快就近就医。
People with weakened immune systems—including young children, the elderly, pregnant or postpartum women, as well as those with chronic diseases, cancer or individuals taking immunosuppressive medications—should avoid consuming leftovers whenever possible. If symptoms such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea occur after eating leftovers, immediately seek medical attention.
编辑：黎霈融
实习生：裴艺
来源：央视新闻
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