4月16日,专注于科技、国防与国家安全报道的资深记者大卫·金斯(David Jeans)在《福布斯》发表文章指出,硅谷军用无人机公司对“中国制造”的高度依赖,已成为美国军方难以回避的棘手难题。


近年来,美国军方加紧部署大量军用无人机,为可能爆发的冲突做准备。

然而问题随之而来:他们发现手中的无人机在许多关键零部件上依赖“中国制造”。这不仅是供应链的难题,更演变成关乎国家安全的战略掣肘。

Pentagon leaders are calling for thousands of drones to prepare for war in the Pacific. But as Trump's tariffs escalate tensions with China, they face an uncomfortable reality: Silicon Valley's drone companies are addicted to Chinese components.

绕不开的中国制造

虽然美国到处喊“去中国化”,但现实是:全球商用无人机市场,中国占了将近90%的份额。从机身、电池、无线电,到摄像头、显示屏,几乎所有关键部件都被中国企业掌握。

China currently controls close to 90 percent of the global commercial drone market, and manufactures most of the key hardware used to build them – airframes, batteries, radios, cameras and screens.

就连上个月,美国副总统万斯在弗吉尼亚州参加海军陆战队无人机演示时,被拍到戴的也是一副中国产的无人机显示护目镜。


美国副总统万斯在参观海军陆战队基地时,戴着中国制造的Skyzone设备。图源:AFP via Getty Images

“进‘蓝名单’比被中国制裁还难”

美国国家安全专家乔希·斯坦曼(Josh Steinman)表示,摆脱中国零件是一个不可避免的痛苦的过程:“你迟早得撕下创可贴,要么你主动撕,要么中国来撕。”

"You are going to have to pull the bandaid off at some point," said Josh Steinman, who previously oversaw supply chain security at the National Security Council. "And either you are going to choose or China will."

为此 ,美国五角大楼搞出个“蓝名单”(Blue List)制度,只有通过审核、没有中国零件的无人机才能拿到军方合同。

The primary on-ramp to drone contracts is the Pentagon's Defense Innovation Unit (DIU), which maintains a so-called Blue List of drones that are approved for military use.

这份“蓝名单”每年更新一次,由六名员工负责审核。他们要测试上百款产品,确保其中没有任何《国防授权法案》(National Defense Authorization Act, NDAA)所禁止的中国零部件,比如摄像头、飞控系统、无线电设备和地面控制系统——这些大多是负责信号传输的关键部件。

然而,一些无人机制造商表示,这项审核机制已经成为行业发展的一个瓶颈。今年,超过300家企业提交了申请,但只有23家获得批准。BRINC公司战略与发展负责人安德鲁·科特(Andrew Cote)表示:“被中国制裁可比进入蓝名单容易。”

Some drone manufacturers say it has become another bottleneck that stifles the industry. This year, just 23 companies were approved out of more than 300 submissions. "It's easier to get sanctioned by China than it is to get on the Blue List," said Andrew Cote, BRINC's head of strategy and growth.

大疆让美国“去中国化”进退两难

美国的军事领导人、国家安全专家以及无人机行业普遍将大疆视为一项严重威胁,甚至有人提出:若要打造一个不依赖中国的无人机产业,就必须将大疆 (DJI)彻底排除出美国市场。

按照美国无人机协会主席内森·埃克尔巴格(Nathan Ecelbarger)的说法: “只要大疆还在,就没有足够的市场来支撑美国本土产业链的发展。 ”

Military leaders, national security experts and the drone industry all seem to agree on one thing: building a China-free supply of drones relies on expelling DJI from the US. "Until DJI is entirely banned, there's not enough market to stand up a US industrial base," said Nathan Ecelbarger, chairman of the US National Drone Association, which aims to speed up military adoption of drones.

但美国似乎难以在短时间内停止对大疆的依赖。去年12月,国会不得不在相关法案中删除了对大疆产品的禁令。

大疆总部位于深圳,是全球最大的无人机制造商之一,也是美国警方和农场最主要的无人机供应商。

编辑:左卓

见习编辑:裴禧盈

来源:福布斯

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