在学术论文写作中，我们经常容易出现各种语法错误，这也是很多同学的论文在审稿环节被pass的主要原因之一。
今天就给大家分享一些有关学术论文写作中常见的语法错误。
冠词使用错误（“A”、“An”和“The”）
最常见的错误之一是误用或省略冠词。在学术写作中，冠词有助于明确你指的是具体的东西还是一般的东西。例如：
- 错误：“Research has proven that climate change is accelerating”
- 正确：“The research has proven that climate change is accelerating”
在第二个例子中，“the”指定正在讨论特定的研究主体，而不是一般的研究。
主谓不一致
在每个句子中，主语和动词的数量都应该一致。这意味着，如果句子只有一个主语，则应使用单数动词（例如“She is”）。如果句子有多个主语，则应使用复数动词（例如“They are”）。
- 错误：“The box full of books, which my wife brought home last week, are still sitting in the garage.”
- 正确（单数“box”）：“The box full of books, which my wife brought home last week, is still sitting in the garage.”
- 正确（“books”的复数）“The books, which my wife brought home last week, are still sitting in the garage.”
时态使用不正确
在大多数学术论文中，过去时用于描述以前的研究或事件，而现在时用于讨论正在进行的发现或普遍事实。
- 错误："The study reveals that students were not adequately prepared."
- 正确："The study reveals that students are not adequately prepared."
修饰语放错位置
修饰语应放在所要修饰的单词旁边。修饰语放错位置会导致句子不通顺或无意义。
- 错误："After reading the paper, the conclusions were difficult to understand."
- 正确："After reading the paper, I found the conclusions difficult to understand."
过度使用被动语态
虽然学术写作中经常使用被动语态来强调动作而不是行为者，但过度使用可能会导致句子模糊或冗长。
- 错误："It is believed by many that climate change is the most pressing issue."
- 正确："Many believe that climate change is the most pressing issue."
逗号使用不正确
逗号是一种用途广泛的标点符号，因此很容易使用错误。
- 错误：“Editing is important, because it helps refine the content.”
- 正确：“Editing is important because it helps refine the content.”
代词不一致
误用代词会造成歧义，尤其是当先行词（代词所指的词）不清楚时。
- 错误："When the students completed their assignments, it was time to leave."
- 正确："When the students completed their assignments, they left."
句子冗长/过长
学术写作中经常使用Redundancy表达，通常是为了让文章看起来更正式或更全面。然而，只会增加不必要的词语，并会削弱你的论点。
- 错误："In my opinion, I believe that the research is important."
- 正确："I believe that the research is important."
断句
Fragmented Sentences是指句子因缺少主语、动词或两者而不完整。这在学术写作中尤其成问题，因为复杂的想法通常需要完整连贯的句子。
- 错误："While conducting the research, the results were unexpected."
- 正确："While conducting the research, we found that the results were unexpected."
连贯句
连贯句是指包含多个独立分句的句子，这些分句没有用正确的标点符号连接起来。通常情况下，连贯句会使用逗号来代替句号，或者省略必要的连接词，如 “和 ”或 “在哪里”。
- 错误：“We went to the movie theater today, we saw a comedy about two people getting into scrapes.”
有多种方法可以修正连贯句。最简单的方法是将独立分句分成多个小句子。另外，您也可以在独立分句之间添加连词，将它们连接起来。最后，可以用 “em-dash ”或 “semicolon ”代替逗号。
- 正确：（用句号替换逗号）：“We went to the movie theater today. We saw a comedy about two people getting into scrapes.”
- 正确：（加上连词）：“We went to the movie theater today, where we saw a comedy about two people getting into scrapes.”
- 正确：（将逗号改为逗号）：“We went to the movie theater today—we saw a comedy about two people getting into scrapes.”
涉及撇号的语法错误
一个常见的错误是将撇号放在错误的位置，或者在应该有撇号的地方省略撇号。
带缩写的撇号
当您使用“won't”、“don't ”或 “is't ”等缩略词时，需要使用撇号。
- 错误：“He couldnt remember why he’d come here.”
- 正确：“He couldn’t remember why he’d come here.”
带所有格的撇号
通常需要使用撇号来使名词具有所有格。
- 错误：“My mothers house is bigger than mine.”
- 正确：“My mother’s house is bigger than mine.”
“its”这个词是个例外。你不需要使用撇号来使代词“it”成为所有格。
- 错误：“Look at that tree! It’s leaves are so red.”
- 正确：“Look at that tree! Its leaves are so red.”
带复数的撇号
永远不要使用撇号来表示名词复数。如果您谈论的是一群人或事物，则在“s”前不需要撇号。
- 错误：“My dog’s are named Missy and Woof.”
- 正确：“My dogs are named Missy and Woof.”
混淆连字符和破折号
连字符 (-) 是一种标点符号，用于将单词连在一起。例如，在书写 “merry-go-round”、“mother-in-aw”和 “sixt-four”时，就需要使用连字符。
- 错误：“We want to hold a princess—themed party for our kid next year.”
- 正确：“We want to hold a princess-themed party for our kid next year.”
破折号比连字号长。破折号用来表示句子中的停顿，就像分号或逗号一样。例如：“We’d love to see you tonight—come over any time after eight.”
滥用现在分词
通常情况下，作者会使用现在分词（以-ing 结尾的动词）来表示一个与句中其他动作不同时发生的动作。误用现在分词会使你的写作变得笨拙，让读者感到困惑。
- 错误：“Unlocking the door, she walked inside and started doing her homework.”
- 正确：“After unlocking the door, she walked inside and started doing her homework.”
