今年“3.23”世界气象日主题为“携手缩小早期预警差距”，旨在通过全球合作提升灾害预警的准确性和及时性。
中国气象局局长陈振林近日接受中国日报专访时表示，中国积极响应联合国号召，发布早期预警中国方案，旨在向国际社会分享技术与经验，支持其他发展中国家提升早期预警和适应气候变化能力，减少经济损失和人员伤亡。
Chen Zhenlin, head of the China Meteorological Administration, said China is supporting the United Nations' Early Warnings for All initiative and helping billions fight climate change. He told China Daily in an exclusive interview ahead of World Meteorological Day, which falls on Sunday and is themed "Closing the Early Warning Gap Together".
中国气象局局长陈振林
随着全球变暖的持续加剧，气候变化引发的极端天气气候事件频繁发生。2024年西班牙特大洪水、超强台风“摩羯”等极端事件造成了严重影响。面对全球变暖带来的诸多灾害，早期预警成为应对灾害风险的“第一道防线”，是提升气候变化适应能力的核心手段。
联合国秘书长古特雷斯提出“全民早期预警倡议”，呼吁使地球上每个人都能得到早期预警系统的保护。2022年，联合国发布了全民早期预警行动计划。
去年11月《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十九次缔约方大会（COP29）期间，中方发布《早期预警促进气候变化适应中国行动方案（2025-2027）》，是全球首个支持全民早期预警倡议的国家行动方案，明确将助力提升发展中国家早期预警和适应气候变化能力等务实举措。
The Action Plan on Early Warning for Climate Change Adaptation (2025-27) China unveiled in November focuses on sharing China's expertise and technological prowess with developing economies to enhance disaster preparedness, minimize economic losses and reduce casualties from extreme weather events.
陈振林在专访中表示，未来两年内，中国计划发射三颗静止气象卫星，包括一颗光学星部署于印度洋上空，另两颗（分别为光学星与微波星）定点于西太平洋上空。当前，这三颗卫星正处于关键集成测试或研制阶段，预计在2025年和2026年间分批次发射入轨。
China will launch three Fengyun geostationary meteorological satellites — one optical over the Indian Ocean, and one optical and one microwave over the western Pacific Ocean. The satellites are in their final phases of integration testing or development and are scheduled for launch between 2025 and 2026.
卫星的部署将为全民早期预警体系带来三大突破性作用：一是高频次监测，抢占防灾“黄金窗口”。如微波卫星可穿透云层，精准分析台风内部结构，大幅提升台风路径和强度预报的准确性，为亚洲和太平洋国家争取数小时至数天的预警提前量。
The deployment of these satellites will bring groundbreaking development to global early warning systems.
二是破解极端天气监测难题。光学星擅长捕捉高温热浪、林火烟雾等可见光信号，而微波星可全天候监测暴雨、洪涝中的水汽变化。两者结合，既能追踪非洲等地的干旱趋势，也能对东南亚突发性暴雨进行“CT式”立体观测，帮助共建“一带一路”国家和地区应对气候变化。
The optical satellites are capable of detecting heat waves and smoke from wildfires, while the microwave satellite can monitor changes in atmospheric moisture, helping in flood prediction. Together, they can track drought trends in Africa and conduct 3D observations of severe rainstorms in Southeast Asia, supporting climate resilience in countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.
三是全球共享，赋能脆弱地区防灾能力。光学星具备卫星快扫模式，可按需向灾害高风险区域提供分钟级数据。例如，太平洋岛国能提前72小时预判强热带气旋登陆点。
Each of the optical satellites features a rapid scanning mode, providing minute-specific data for high-risk areas.
陈振林称，方案创新性地整合了风云气象卫星、全球数值预报、气象AI大模型等先进技术，开发了“云+端”早期预警系统。不仅实现了气象、水文、环境和海洋等多领域灾害的综合预警监测，还通过云端平台向发展中国家开放数字产品和交互应用工具。
A key feature of the action plan is integrating satellite data, global numerical forecasting and AI-powered meteorological models to improve prediction accuracy and accessibility. Multi-hazard monitoring will provide digital tools and interactive platforms to developing economies to close the technological gap.
这种技术共享模式有效弥合了发展中国家与发达国家之间的技术差距，帮助其快速提升预报和预警能力。目前，中国已为巴基斯坦、埃塞俄比亚和所罗门群岛援建了云端早期预警系统。
"A cloud-based early warning system has already been deployed in Pakistan, the Solomon Islands and several other countries involved in the BRI, significantly enhancing their ability to respond to climate threats," Chen said.
此外，未来三年，中国将提供2000人次技术培训、100个奖学金名额和50个访问学者岗位，共同定制研发云端早期预警系统等，进一步提升合作国家的气候韧性，促进全球气候治理的公平性与有效性，助力全球可持续发展。继续实施发展中国家能力建设项目，帮助非洲培养本土气象人才。
China will train 2,000 specialists, offer 100 scholarships and provide 50 visiting scholar positions over the next three years to help partner nations build independent meteorological and disaster response teams.
中国将通过支持非洲国家应对干旱、洪涝等灾害，推动建立跨境气象灾害联防机制，并探索与欧美发达国家在第三方市场的合作，共同扩大早期预警服务的覆盖范围。
The country plans to expand cloud-based early warning platforms, with a focus on supporting African nations in building meteorological early warning systems. China is exploring trilateral cooperation with developed economies, including the United States and European nations, to expand the reach of early warning services.
陈振林表示，未来中国将积极构建“预警+发展”模式，将早期预警与可持续发展目标相结合，为发展中国家提供更具综合效益的服务。例如，通过农业气象服务支持非洲粮食安全，利用城市气象服务帮助提升基础设施的气候韧性。
Beyond meteorology, China seeks to integrate early warning systems with UN sustainable development goals, using climate data to enhance food security in Africa and improve urban infrastructure resilience worldwide.
“这种中国技术与国际公益的结合，将直接惠及全球数十亿人口，助力联合国“全民早期预警”倡议的落地，”陈振林说。
The combination of Chinese technology and international cooperation will directly benefit billions of people, making a tangible contribution to global climate resilience.
记者：赵伊梦
China Daily精读计划
每天20分钟，英语全面提升！
